Investigation of rubber formulation by measuring ultrasonic propagation velocity

Authors

Abstract

Non-destructive tests can identify and investigate the defects and properties of the test piece without changing the physical and mechanical properties of the sample. In this study, the non-destructive inspection method of ultrasonic waves was used to investigate the rubber formulation. In this method, the time between the transmission and the reflection of ultrasonic waves is measured and using this time propagation velocity is calculated. As components percent of the rubber are changed the physical and mechanical properties of rubber are altered and as a result, the velocity of ultrasonic propagation is changed. To investigate the rubber formulation at first 12 samples with different formulations were prepared and for each of the samples the propagation velocity of the longitudinal sound waves was measured. In order to establish the mathematical model between used elements percent in the rubber formulation and longitudinal wave velocity the multiple linear regression was used. To evaluate the accuracy another sample with a new formulation was developed and longitudinal wave velocity was measured. The comparison between the results of the test and those of the regression model showed a low error in the predicted result by the proposed model; therefor, the ultrasonic waves can be used to investigate the rubber formulation and the rubber production lines can use this non-destructive test to control tire quality online.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] Yılmaz T, Ercikdi B, Karaman K, Külekçi G (2014) Assessment of strength properties of cemented paste backfill by ultrasonic pulse velocity test. Ultrasonics 54(1): 1386-1394.
[2] Morrison D, Abeyratne U (2014) Ultrasonic technique for non-destructive quality evaluation of oranges. J Food Eng 141(1): 107-112.
[3] Vasanelli E, Colangiuli D, Calia A, Sileo M, Antonietta Aiello M (2015) Ultrasonic pulse velocity for the evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of a highly porous building limestone. Ultrasonics 60(1): 33-44.
[4] RajeshJesudoss Hynes N, Nagaraj P, Angela Jennifa Sujana J (2014) Ultrasonic evaluation of friction stud welded AA 6063/AISI 1030 steel joints. Mater Design 62(10):118-123.
[5] Hall B, John V (1988) Non destructive testing. London: Macmillan Education. 63-95.
[6] Jayakumar T, Raj B, Willems H, Arnold W (1991) Influence of microstructure on ultrasonic velocity in nimonic alloy PE16. Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation 1: 1691-1699.
[7] Vasconcelos G, Lourenco PB, Alves CAS, Pamplona J (2008) Ultrasonic evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of granites. Ultrasonics 48(1): 453-466.
[8] Watanabe T, Thi Huyen Trang H, Harada K, Hashimoto C (2014) Evaluation of corrosion-induced crack and rebar corrosion by ultrasonic testing. Constr Build Mater 67(2): 197-201.
[9] Afifi A, El Sayed M (2003) Ultrasonic properties of ENR-EPDM rubber blends. Polym Bull 50(1): 115-122.
[10] El-Hadek M (2014) Fracture mechanics of rubber epoxy composites. Metall Mater Trans A 45(9): 4046-4054.
[11] Kerdtongmee P, Pumdaung C, Danworaphong S (2014) Quantifying dry rubber content in latex solution using an ultrasonic pulse. Meas Sci Rev 14(5): 252-256.
[12] Higazy AA, Afifi H, Khafagy AH, El-Shahawy MA, Mansour AM (2006) Ultrasonic studies on polystyrene/styrene butadiene rubber polymer blends filled with glass fiber and talc. Ultrasonics 44(1): 1439-1445.
[13] Ghoreishy MHR, Taghvaei S, Zafar Mehrabian R (2011) The effect of silica/carbon black filler systems on the fatigue properties of the tread compound in passenger tires. Iran J Polym Sci Technol 24(4): 329-337. (in Persian)
[14] Uyanik G, Guler N (2013) A study on multiple regression analysis. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 106(1): 234-240.
[15] Charlesworth JP, Temple JAG (1989) Engineering application of ultrasonic time-of- flight diffraction. Hertfordshire: Research Studies Press Ltd. 75-112.
[16] Hamidnia M, Honarvar F, Khorsand H (2012) Accurate measurement of mechanical properties of tempered microstructures of AISI D6 alloy steel by ultrasonic nondestructive method. Modares Mech Eng 12(4): 48-58. (in Persian)
[17] Atashi H, Sobhanmanesh K, Shiva M (2005) Improvement of physical and mechanical properties of butadiene rubber with silica/ silane reinforcement system. Iran J Polym Sci Technol 17(5): 281-290. (in Persian)
Journal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics
Volume 6, Issue 2
July and August 2016
Pages 285-294

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics