Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Alternating Magnetic Field on the Hydrodynamic Behavior and Entropy Generation of Galinstan Liquid Metal Flow Under High Heat Flux
1
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
2
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and the Energy Research Institute, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
10.22044/jsfm.2026.16094.3964
Abstract
Enhancing heat transfer rates in electronic systems plays a crucial role in improving their efficiency and performance. In this study, a heat sink with a vertically active microchannel utilizing Galinstan liquid metal (Galinstan) as the working fluid is investigated. The Navier-Stokes equations are discretized using the second-order upwind finite volume method. Galinstan is selected due to its high thermal and electrical conductivity, low viscosity, high density, non-toxicity, and low melting point. Given its high electrical conductivity, the application of an alternating magnetic field alters the hydrodynamic behavior of the fluid flow, increasing the velocity gradient near the walls. This enhancement in velocity near the walls improves the Nusselt number but also leads to an increase in pressure drop. By analyzing the phase difference between the magnetic and electric fields, results indicate that as the phase difference increases, the pressure drop decreases, with the reduction rate of pressure drop being higher than that of the Nusselt number. This highlights the significant effect of the magnetic field phase difference in reducing the system’s hydrodynamic resistance. An increase in the magnetic phase difference leads to higher thermal and magnetic entropy generation while reducing frictional entropy generation. At a Hartmann number of 129 and phase differences of 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, and 50°, the pressure drop is reduced by 4.28%, 17.2%, 37.42%, 63.2%, and 92.3%, respectively, while the Nusselt number decreases by 0.11%, 0.52%, 1.17%, 2.06%, and 3.19%, compared to zero phase difference.
molaei, A. , Aghaei, A. and Khorasanizadeh, H. (2026). Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Alternating Magnetic Field on the Hydrodynamic Behavior and Entropy Generation of Galinstan Liquid Metal Flow Under High Heat Flux. Journal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics, 16(1), 63-79. doi: 10.22044/jsfm.2026.16094.3964
MLA
molaei, A. , , Aghaei, A. , and Khorasanizadeh, H. . "Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Alternating Magnetic Field on the Hydrodynamic Behavior and Entropy Generation of Galinstan Liquid Metal Flow Under High Heat Flux", Journal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics, 16, 1, 2026, 63-79. doi: 10.22044/jsfm.2026.16094.3964
HARVARD
molaei, A., Aghaei, A., Khorasanizadeh, H. (2026). 'Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Alternating Magnetic Field on the Hydrodynamic Behavior and Entropy Generation of Galinstan Liquid Metal Flow Under High Heat Flux', Journal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics, 16(1), pp. 63-79. doi: 10.22044/jsfm.2026.16094.3964
CHICAGO
A. molaei , A. Aghaei and H. Khorasanizadeh, "Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Alternating Magnetic Field on the Hydrodynamic Behavior and Entropy Generation of Galinstan Liquid Metal Flow Under High Heat Flux," Journal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics, 16 1 (2026): 63-79, doi: 10.22044/jsfm.2026.16094.3964
VANCOUVER
molaei, A., Aghaei, A., Khorasanizadeh, H. Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Alternating Magnetic Field on the Hydrodynamic Behavior and Entropy Generation of Galinstan Liquid Metal Flow Under High Heat Flux. Journal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics, 2026; 16(1): 63-79. doi: 10.22044/jsfm.2026.16094.3964
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