Numerical investigation of magnetohydrodynamic forced convection of phase change materials using the lattice Boltzmann method

Authors

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ma.C., Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

10.22044/jsfm.2026.16333.3978

Abstract

This paper focuses on the numerical simulation and analysis of forced convection heat transfer of a paraffin-alumina nanofluid in a porous channel under an external magnetic field. To this aim, the dimensionless form of the Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer equations are solved under local thermal non-equilibrium conditions. The simulations are performed using the thermal lattice Boltzmann method with a single relaxation time scheme, incorporating distribution functions for velocity, nanofluid temperature, and porous medium temperature in an unsteady state condition. In this paper, the effects of parameters such as magnetic field angle, Darcy number, porosity, nanoparticle volume fraction, and Hartmann number on the average Nusselt number, degree of local thermal non-equilibrium, and melting fraction at different time intervals are investigated. The results show that the optimal melting performance occurs at the magnetic field angle of 90°, the Darcy number of 0.001, the porosity of 0.5, the Hartmann number of 30, the nanoparticle volume fraction of 4%, and the Reynolds number of 200, leading to a melting fraction of approximately 88.91% within less than an hour. Conversely, the weakest performance corresponds to the Hartmann number of 50, which increases the required time to reach the melting fraction of 85% to about 198.83 minutes. Furthermore, it is observed that an increase in the average Nusselt number is accompanied by an increased local thermal non-equilibrium.

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Journal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics
Volume 15, Issue 6
January and February 2026
Pages 545-565

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