Authors
1
School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2
Faculty of Materials Engineering, Sirjan Azad University, Sirjan, Iran
3
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
4
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
10.22044/jsfm.2025.16493.3991
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of hand travel speed in manual arc welding using E6013 electrodes on the microstructural, mechanical, and corrosion properties of welds on CK45 steel. Welding was performed at five different speeds (17, 20, 26, 32, and 39 cm/min) in the flat position. Various tests, including Vickers hardness, potentiodynamic corrosion, XRD analysis (for crystallite size and microstrain), and OCP analysis were conducted. The results indicated that the 26 cm/min speed yielded the best overall performance, with the lowest microstrain (0.0021), smallest crystallite size (68 nm), and highest hardness (265 HV). Although the corrosion rate was moderate at this speed (0.0079 mm/year), structural stability and uniform phase distribution were evident. The highest corrosion rate occurred at 17 cm/min (0.022 mm/year), and the lowest at 39 cm/min (0.021 mm/year), though the latter showed the lowest hardness (186 HV). From a practical standpoint, welding at the intermediate speed offered optimal performance in terms of time, energy consumption, and defect minimization. This study highlights the critical role of travel speed in achieving a balance between mechanical performance, corrosion resistance, and process efficiency in manual welding
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