Determination of energy-notch depth relationship using force-displacement diagrams in instrumented Charpy impact testing of API X65 steel

Authors

1 University of Birjand

2 Kerman

Abstract

In this paper, dynamic behavior of API X65 steel under impact loading was studied using an instrumented Charpy machine of 450J capacity. The fracture energy can be measured using this testing machine in two different ways. In the first method, the difference in potential energy before and after impact test is reported via machine dial. In the second method, the output voltage from load-cell (mounted on the machine tup) gives load-displacement data from which energy is calculated via curve integration. Using instrumented data, the initiation energy, propagation energy and total fracture energy for eight series of specimens made from tested steel were measured and found to have exponential behavior versus initial notch depth. Furthermore, the characteristic forces used for the design of dynamically loaded structures (namely general yielding, Fgy, and maximum force, Fm) were determined from the force-displacement diagram. The important innovation of this research is presentation of eight new correction factors for different notch depth of specimens. These new correction factors and their mean value were compared with a similar data from a previous research work for conventional fracture models of energy transportation steel pipelines which showed good agreement.

Keywords

References

[1] API Specification 5L (2004) Specification for Line Pipe. 43rd ed. American Petro. Inst.
[2] Mohitzadeh SS and Hashemi SH (2020) Experimental and numerical evaluation of momentum variation effect of striker on fracture energy in Charpy impact testing of API X65 steel. Mod. Mech. Eng. 20 (9):  2275-2287.
[3] Shojaeddin M, Hashemi SH and Majidi-Jirandehi AA (2022) Experimental investigation of anisotropy in API X65 steel pipe using Charpy impact fracture Energy. Mod. Mech. Eng. 22 (6): 407-404.
[4] Hashmi SH (2008) Apportion of Charpy energy in API 5L grade X70 pipeline steel. Int. J. of Press. Vess. Pip. 89: 879-884.
[5] Hashmi SH, Howard IC, Yates JR, and Andrews RM (2004) The Transferability of micro-mechanical damage parameter in modern line pipe steel. ECF. Stockholm, Sweden.
[6] Hashemi SH, Howard IC, Yates JR, and Andrews RM (2005) Measurement and analysis of impact test data for X100 pipeline steel. App. Mech. and Mat. 3-4: 369-376.
[7] Hashemi SH, Howard IC, Yates JR, and Andrews RM, and Edwards AM (2006) Estimation of slant tearing energy for high-grade pipeline steel from instrumented Charpy test data and its transferability to large structures. IPC. Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
[8] Hashemi SH and Jalali MR (2006) Experimental study of charpy impact characteristics of high strength spiral welded gas pipeline. IPC. Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
[9] Hashemi SH and Jalali MR (2008) Evaluation of fracture initiation energy in API X65 pipeline steel. IPC. Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
[10] Hashemi SH (2009) Correction factors for safe performance of API X65 pipeline steel. Int. J. of Press. Vessels. Pip. 86: 533–540.
[11] Hosseinzadeha A, Hashemi SH, Rastegari H, Maraki MR, (2021) Investigation of the notch depth effect on Charpy fracture energy and fracture surface features of APIX65 steel. CMQ. 35.
[12] Lucon E (2016) Estimating dynamic ultimate tensile strength from instrumented Charpy data. Mat. & Des. 97: 437–443.
[13] Lucon E (2016) Experimental assessment of equivalent strain for an instrumented Charpy test. J. of Res. of the Nat. Inst. of Stan. Tech. 121: 165-179.
[14] Manahan MP and Siewert TA (2006) the history of instrumented impact testing. J. ASTM Int. 31(2)
[15] Gesing MA, Simha CHM, Xu S, Tyson RW (2016) Geometric and material property dependencies of the plastic rotation factor in the drop weight tear test. Eng. Frac. Mech. 153: 399–406.
[16] Shin HS, Tuazon BJ (2015) an instrumented drop-bar impact testing apparatus for investigating the impact fracture behaviors of structural steels. Int. J. of Impact Eng. 84: 124-133.
[17] Simha CHM, Xu S, Tyson RW (2015) Computational-modeling-of-the-drop-weight-tear-test-A-comparison-of-two-failure-modeling-approaches. Eng. Frac. Mech. 148: 304-323.
[18] Simha CHM, Xu S, Tyson RW (2014) Non-local phenomenological damage mechanics based modeling of the Drop Weight Tear Test. Eng. Frac. Mech. 118: 66-82.
[19] Fathi E and Hashemi SH (2020) Experimental and numerical study of ebergy absorbtion in drop weight tear test specimen with chevron notch on API X65 steel. J. Solid and Fluid Mech., 10 (2): 95-110.
[20] Fathi E and Hashemi SH (2021) Analysis of fracture energy in drop weight tear testing of API X65. J. of Pipeline Science and Eng., 1: 225–232.
[21] Fathi-Asgarabad E and Hashemi SH (2021) Experimental study of low velocity impact effect on fracture energy of API X65 steel using drop weight tear test. J. Solid and Fluid Mech. 11(2): 57-71.
[22] Majidi-Jirandehi AA and Hashemi SH (2018) Investigation of macroscopic fracture surface characteristics of spiral welded API X65 gas transportation pipeline steel. Mod. Mech. Eng. 17(11): 219-228.
[23] Tazimi M, Hashemi SH, Rahnama S (2020) Experimental study of fractire surface characteristics if inhomogeneuosly drop weight tear test specimen made from API X65 steel. J. of Solid Fluid Mech. 10 (1): 77-91.
[24] Bashiri A, Hosseini M, Hatami H (2021) Experimental and numerical investigation on CK45, St12, Al3105 with layers under drop test loading," J. Struc. Const. Eng. 8(1): 58-85.
[25] Dalvand A, Hatami H, Chegini A (2021) Experimental study of the effect of dynamic loading on rectangular armed panels made of self-compacting composite fiber and lattice sheets. J. Struc. Const. Eng. 8(1):131-151.
[26] Ghodsbin Jahromi A and Hatami H (2016) Numerical Behavior Study of Expanded Metal Tube Absorbers and Effect of Cross Section Size and Multi-Layer under Low Axial Velocity Impact Loading. Amir. J. Mech. Eng. 49(4): 685-696.
[27] Hatami H (2017) The theoretical and numerical comparison and investigation of the effect of inertia on the absorbent collapse behavior of single cell and two-cell reticular under impact loading. Amir. J. Mech. Eng. 50(5): 51-60.
[28] Mousavi Zadeh SA, Hosseini M, Hatami H (2021) Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the plain and reinforced Steel Sheets under free fall impact. Ir. J. Mech. Eng. 23(1): 64-84.
[29] Mousavi Zadeh SA, Hosseini M, Hatami H, Kamalvand M (2019) Studies on the effect of reinforcestypes on flat and curved steel sheets' performance under drop impact. J. Aero. Mech. 16(4).
[30] Mousavi Zadeh SA, Hosseini M, Hatami H (2021) Experimental Studies on Energy Absorption of Curved Steel Sheets under Impact Loading and the Effect of Pendentive on the Deformation of Samples. J. of Mod. Eng. 18(63): 27-40.
[31] Nouri MD, Hatami H, Ghodsbin Jahromi A (2015) Experimental invstigation of expanded metal tube absorber under axial impact loading. Mod. Mech. Eng., vol. 15(1): 371-37.
[32] Sepahvand H, Hosseini M, Hatami H (2021) Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Concrete Specimens with Expanded Metal Sheet under Impact Loading. J. App. and Comp. Sci. in Mech. 32(1): 211-230.
[33] Tarpani JR, Maluf O, Gatti MCA (2009) Charpy Impact Toughness of Conventional and Advanced Composite Laminates for Aircraft Construction. Mat. Res. 12(4): 395-403.
[34] Meyers MA and Chawla KK (2009) Mechanical Behavior of Materials. Cambridge University Press.
[35] BS EN ISO 14556 (2002) Steel - Charpy V-notch pendulum impact test - Instrumented test Method.
[36] Hashemi SH and Mohammadyani D (2012) Characterisation of weldment hardness, impact energy and microstructure in API X65 steel. Int. J. of Press. Vess. Pip. 98: 8-15.
[37] ASTM E23-16b (2016) Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials.
[38] Hashemi SH (2011) Strength hardness statistical correlation in API X65 steel. Mat. Sci. and Eng. A, 528: 1648–1655.
[39] Lucon E (2008) Influence of striking edge radius 2 vs 8 mm on instrumented Charpy data and absorbed energies. Int. J. of Frac. 153: 1–14.
[40] Leis BN, Eiber RJ, (1998) Fracture propagation control in onshore transmission pipelines. Onshore Pipline Technology Conference , 2.1-2.35. 
Journal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics
Volume 12, Issue 6
January and February 2023
Pages 149-162

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics