Assessment of Galling Wear in Automobile Deep Drawing Dies Using Slider-on-Flat-Surface Wear Test

Authors

1 Assist. Prof. , Fac. Mech. Eng., Semnan Univ., Semnan, Iran

2 Mech. Eng. Dept., Amirkabir Univ. Tech., Tehran, Iran

Abstract

In this paper, the slider-on-flat-surface (SOFS) test was used to study the galling in automobile body drawing dies (made of GGG60 alloy). The SOFS tests were conducted on the DC06 (EN 10130) and DC04 (MSC standard) alloy sheet metals; according to the following two approaches: in the first approach, the slider was forced to move in a single linear path, repeatedly. While, in the second approach, the slider was moved on separate parallel paths. The second approach was performed using both flat and curved surfaces of the slider to simulate galling conditions on flat and curved surfaces of the dies, respectively. Moreover, the effect of hardness, surface roughness, and mechanical properties of the DC04 and DC06 sheet materials on die galling was investigated. The galling tests’ results were in agreement with the galling wear that occurred in automobile body drawing dies. The results showed that forming DC04 sheet metal will lead to more galling wear. Furthermore, a qualitative coincidence was observed between the results of the aforementioned approaches. Nevertheless, in the first approach, wear emerged in a shorter period; while, in the second approach, the slider was moved on a much longer path for creating observable wear.

Keywords


[1] Pereira MP, Yan W, Rolfe BF (2012) Wear at the die radius in sheet metal stamping. Wear 274-275: 355-367.
[2] van der Linde G (2011) Predicting galling behaviour in deep drawing processes.
[3] بدخشیان ح، مرکانی م‌س، ملایی داریانی ب، پرویزی ع (2017) بررسی سایش گالینگ روی قالب‌های تولیدی ضربه‌ای حین کار با ورق ‌فولادی پراستحکام پیشرفته. مجله علمی پژوهشی مهندسی ساخت و تولید ایران   19-13 :(3)3.
[4] Moghadam M, Christiansen P, Bay N (2017) Detection of the onset of galling in strip reduction testing using acoustic emission.           Procedia Eng 183: 59-64.
[5] سیدمحمد ج، حمید م‌ق، مهدی ب (1390) تشخیص عیب سایش سمبه با استفاده از روش انتشار صدا. تحقیقات موتور 28-21 :(7)24.
[6] Pereira MP, Weiss M, Rolfe BF, Hilditch TB (2013) The effect of the die radius profile accuracy on wear in sheet metal stamping. Int J Mach Tool Manu 66: 44-53.
[7] Olsson DD, Bay N, Andreasen JL (2004) Prediction of limits of lubrication in strip reduction testing. CIRP Annals 53(1): 231-234.
[8] Sulaiman MH, Farahana RN, Bienk K, Nielsen CV, Bay N (2019) Effects of DLC/TiAlN-coated die on friction and wear in sheet-metal forming under dry and oil-lubricated conditions: Experimental and numerical studies. Wear 438-439: 203040.
[9] Dong W, Xu L, Lin Q, Wang Z (2017) Experimental and numerical investigation on galling behavior in sheet metal forming process. Int J Adv Manuf Tech 88(1-4): 1101-1109.
[10] Moghadam M, Nielsen CV, Bay N (2020) Analysis of the risk of galling in sheet metal stamping dies with drawbeads. P I Mech Eng B-J Eng 0954405420911307.
[11] van der Heide E, Stam ED, Giraud H, Lovato G, Akdut N, Clarysse F, et al. (2006) Wear of aluminium bronze in sliding contact with lubricated stainless steel sheet material. Wear 261(1): 68-73.
[12] Karlsson P, Eriksson J, Gåård A, Krakhmalev P, Olsson M, Bergström J (2012) Galling resistance evaluation of tool steels by two different laboratory test methods for sheet metal forming. Lubr Sci 24(6): 263-272.
[13] Gåård A, Krakhmalev P, Bergström J (2008) Wear mechanisms in deep drawing of carbon steel – correlation to laboratory testing. Tribotest 14(1):    1-9.
[14] Cora N (2009) Development of Rapid Die Wear Test method for assessment of die life and performance in stampings of A/UHSS sheet materials. Dıss VCU.
[15] ASTM International (2016) ASTM G196-08(2016), Standard Test Method for Galling Resistance of Material Couples. West Conshohocken, PA.
[16] ASTM International (2017) ASTM G98-17, Standard Test Method for Galling Resistance of Materials. West Conshohocken, PA.
[17] Mussa A, Krakhmalev P, Bergström J (2020) Sliding wear and fatigue cracking damage mechanisms in reciprocal and unidirectional sliding of high-strength steels in dry contact. Wear 444-445: 203119.
[18] Lindvall F, Gåård A, Krakhmalev P, Bergström J (2013) Study of the influence of contact geometry and contact pressure on sliding distance to galling in the slider-on-flat-surface wear tester. Tribol T 56(6): 1137-1145.
[19] Karlsson P, Krakhmalev P, Gåård A, Bergström J (2013) Influence of work material proof stress and tool steel microstructure on galling initiation and critical contact pressure. Tribol Int 60: 104-110.
[20] ASTM (2000) E8M standard test methods for tension testing of metallic materials.
[21] Becker WT, Shipley RJ, Lampman SR, Sanders BR, Anton GJ, Hrivnak N, et al. (2002) ASM handbook. J Fail Anal Prev 11: 1072.
[22] Hirasaka M, Nishimura H (1994) Effects of the surface micro-geometry of steel sheets on galling behavior. J Mater Process Technol 47(1): 153-166.
[23] Jang J, Kim W, Van Tyne C, Moon Y (2007) Experimental analysis on the frictional behaviour of drawbeads in sheet metal forming. Steel Res Int 78(12): 884-889.
[24] Shailendra K (2011) An intelligent system for selection of materials for press tool components. J Eng Res Stud 2(2): 119-130.