Shahrood University of TechnologyJournal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics2251-947510120200320Study of the Effect of Calibration Procedure on the Accuracy of the Phenomenological Ductile Fracture Criteria in Sheet Metal FormingStudy of the Effect of Calibration Procedure on the Accuracy of the Phenomenological Ductile Fracture Criteria in Sheet Metal Forming116179810.22044/jsfm.2020.8212.2863FAH.Talebi-GhadikolaeeDepartment of Mechanical engineering, Tarbiat Modares University of Technology, Tehran, IranH.Moslemi NaeiniAcademic staffM. J.MirniaDivision of Manufacturing Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, IranM. A.MirzaiDepartment of mechanical engineering, Hormozgan Univ., HormozganH.GorjiDivision of Manufacturing Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, IranS.AlexandrovIshlinsky Institute for Problems in Mechanics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, moscow, RussiaJournal Article20190319In this paper, determination of the fracture onset by the ductile fracture criteria was studied and the effect of damage function, calibration method, and calibration tests were investigated on the fracture prediction accuracy. Based on the stress state analysis, three different tension tests including the uniaxial, plane strain, and notched tension tests were conducted to determine the critical value of the ductile fracture criteria. In order to investigate the fracture behavior of AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy sheets, The Ayada, Rice-Tracey, and normalized Cockroft-Latham phenomenological ductile fracture criteria were calibrated through a hybrid experimental-numerical method. The finite element (FE) method were used to simulate the process and calibrated fracture criteria were implemented using an appropriate user subroutine. Experimental force-displacement curve and the fracture displacement were used to validated the numerical simulation and investigate the fracture prediction accuracy. According to the result, calibration method based on the history of the stress state lead to higher fracture prediction accuracy compared to average value method (3.4% decrease in average value of the fracture prediction error). Among all the possible condition, the normalized Cockroft-Latham fracture criteria with the plane strain tension test are the most suitable fracture criterion and calibration test to predict the fracture in the positive value of the stress triaxiality.In this paper, determination of the fracture onset by the ductile fracture criteria was studied and the effect of damage function, calibration method, and calibration tests were investigated on the fracture prediction accuracy. Based on the stress state analysis, three different tension tests including the uniaxial, plane strain, and notched tension tests were conducted to determine the critical value of the ductile fracture criteria. In order to investigate the fracture behavior of AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy sheets, The Ayada, Rice-Tracey, and normalized Cockroft-Latham phenomenological ductile fracture criteria were calibrated through a hybrid experimental-numerical method. The finite element (FE) method were used to simulate the process and calibrated fracture criteria were implemented using an appropriate user subroutine. Experimental force-displacement curve and the fracture displacement were used to validated the numerical simulation and investigate the fracture prediction accuracy. According to the result, calibration method based on the history of the stress state lead to higher fracture prediction accuracy compared to average value method (3.4% decrease in average value of the fracture prediction error). Among all the possible condition, the normalized Cockroft-Latham fracture criteria with the plane strain tension test are the most suitable fracture criterion and calibration test to predict the fracture in the positive value of the stress triaxiality.https://jsfm.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1798_f68ff215ede6d59294fc08c3f73e19bc.pdfShahrood University of TechnologyJournal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics2251-947510120200320Analytical and numerical investigation of reaction forces in fixturing of the rigid workpiece with polyhedral geometryAnalytical and numerical investigation of reaction forces in fixturing of the rigid workpiece with polyhedral geometry1729179910.22044/jsfm.2020.8494.2925FAH.ParvazFaculty of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, IranJournal Article20190525Reaction forces are generated at the locating points of the machining fixture by application of the external forces. They are considered as one of the important input parameters in different stages of fixture design procedure; including fixture planning, unit design, and verification. In the present study, an agile tool is proposed for calculation of the reaction forces based on the minimum norm principle. For validation of the results, finite element analysis is performed in Abaqus® software on a rigid workpiece with polyhedral geometry. Reaction forces are calculated from the numerical analysis and compared to the theoretical predictions. The worst-case error value equal to 3.9% is obtained for the theoretical predictions of the normal-to-surface components of reaction forces in comparison to the numerical results. Theoretical predictions of the tangential components of reaction forces are not accurate which seems to be a shortcoming for the model; however, their effects are negligible by considering that the intensity of these forces are low in comparison to the normal components. Effects of the influence parameters including the coefficient of friction and intensity of the clamping forces are also investigated on the results. It was concluded that the theoretical predictions of the normal components of reaction forces agreed well to the numerical data and results that were published at the previous studies. Agreement between the theoretical predictions, results of the previous studies and the finite element results confirmed the accuracy of the suggested model in calculation of the reaction forces in fixturing of the polyhedral workpieces.Reaction forces are generated at the locating points of the machining fixture by application of the external forces. They are considered as one of the important input parameters in different stages of fixture design procedure; including fixture planning, unit design, and verification. In the present study, an agile tool is proposed for calculation of the reaction forces based on the minimum norm principle. For validation of the results, finite element analysis is performed in Abaqus® software on a rigid workpiece with polyhedral geometry. Reaction forces are calculated from the numerical analysis and compared to the theoretical predictions. The worst-case error value equal to 3.9% is obtained for the theoretical predictions of the normal-to-surface components of reaction forces in comparison to the numerical results. Theoretical predictions of the tangential components of reaction forces are not accurate which seems to be a shortcoming for the model; however, their effects are negligible by considering that the intensity of these forces are low in comparison to the normal components. Effects of the influence parameters including the coefficient of friction and intensity of the clamping forces are also investigated on the results. It was concluded that the theoretical predictions of the normal components of reaction forces agreed well to the numerical data and results that were published at the previous studies. Agreement between the theoretical predictions, results of the previous studies and the finite element results confirmed the accuracy of the suggested model in calculation of the reaction forces in fixturing of the polyhedral workpieces.https://jsfm.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1799_809a901ad4d5b3e91800f68e2850fe97.pdfShahrood University of TechnologyJournal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics2251-947510120200320Nonlinear Free Vibration Analysis of Bi-directional Functionally Graded Rectangular PlatesNonlinear Free Vibration Analysis of Bi-directional Functionally Graded Rectangular Plates3152180010.22044/jsfm.2020.9012.3046FAS.HashemiDepartment of mechanical engineering, K. N. Toosi university of technology, Tehran, IranA. A.JafariProfessor of KNT UniversityJournal Article20191008In the present study, nonlinear free vibration analysis of bi-directional functionally graded simply supported rectangular plates is investigated analytically for the first time. For this purpose, with the aid of Hamilton’s principle and von Karman nonlinear strain-displacement relations, the partial differential equations of motion are developed. Afterward, the nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into the time-dependent nonlinear ordinary differential equations by applying the Galerkin method. The nonlinear equation of motion is then solved analytically by the Modified Lindstedt-Poincare method to determine the the plate nonlinear frequencies. The volume fraction distribution is assumed to be continuously graded in both the length and width directions of the plate. Finally, the effects of some system parameters such as the vibration amplitude, FG indexes and aspect ratio on the nonlinear frequency are discussed in detail. To validate the analysis, the results of this paper are compared with both the published data and numerical method, and good agreements are found.In the present study, nonlinear free vibration analysis of bi-directional functionally graded simply supported rectangular plates is investigated analytically for the first time. For this purpose, with the aid of Hamilton’s principle and von Karman nonlinear strain-displacement relations, the partial differential equations of motion are developed. Afterward, the nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into the time-dependent nonlinear ordinary differential equations by applying the Galerkin method. The nonlinear equation of motion is then solved analytically by the Modified Lindstedt-Poincare method to determine the the plate nonlinear frequencies. The volume fraction distribution is assumed to be continuously graded in both the length and width directions of the plate. Finally, the effects of some system parameters such as the vibration amplitude, FG indexes and aspect ratio on the nonlinear frequency are discussed in detail. To validate the analysis, the results of this paper are compared with both the published data and numerical method, and good agreements are found.https://jsfm.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1800_7d16376dce7f181f4432cba05e51e3d6.pdfShahrood University of TechnologyJournal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics2251-947510120200320The effective parameters on shear properties of sandwich panels with glass fibers-vinyl ester composite skin and polyvinyl chloride coreThe effective parameters on shear properties of sandwich panels with glass fibers-vinyl ester composite skin and polyvinyl chloride core5364180110.22044/jsfm.2020.8734.2976FAM.Abdollahi AzghanFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, IranU.AmirianDepartment of Marine Sciences and Ship Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, IranR.Eslami-FarsaniFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, IranA.AlizadehFaculty of Materials & Manufacturing Processes, Malek-e-Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, IranJournal Article20190809In this study, the effects of adhesive type (Epon 828 and Araldite EA 1103), the overlapping area (12.5 and 25 mm), and the surface treatment of the polymer composite on the shear behavior of the sandwich panels with a foam core of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) C7075 and a polymer composite skin (glass fibers-vinyl ester) were investigated by finite element simulation and experiment. The results revealed that the sample with Epon adhesive exhibited higher shear strength and lower strain percentage value compared to the sample containing the Araldite adhesive. The samples with an overlapping area of 12.5 mm showed higher shear properties compared to those with a 25 mm overlapping area which is due to the presence of more bubbles and imperfections on the overlapping surface. Due to increased contact area and penetration of the adhesive into the porosities, surface-modified polymer composites with 100-grit sandpapers exhibited higher shear properties in comparison with those surface modified with 60-grit sandpapers. Also, the investigation of the fracture mechanism showed that the two mechanisms of the adhesive fracture and the rupture of the PVC foam led to the destruction of the sandwich panel. Since the foam rupture mechanism overcame the adhesive fracture, the shear properties of the sandwich panel were increased. The results showed that there was a good agreement between the experimental and simulation results.In this study, the effects of adhesive type (Epon 828 and Araldite EA 1103), the overlapping area (12.5 and 25 mm), and the surface treatment of the polymer composite on the shear behavior of the sandwich panels with a foam core of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) C7075 and a polymer composite skin (glass fibers-vinyl ester) were investigated by finite element simulation and experiment. The results revealed that the sample with Epon adhesive exhibited higher shear strength and lower strain percentage value compared to the sample containing the Araldite adhesive. The samples with an overlapping area of 12.5 mm showed higher shear properties compared to those with a 25 mm overlapping area which is due to the presence of more bubbles and imperfections on the overlapping surface. Due to increased contact area and penetration of the adhesive into the porosities, surface-modified polymer composites with 100-grit sandpapers exhibited higher shear properties in comparison with those surface modified with 60-grit sandpapers. Also, the investigation of the fracture mechanism showed that the two mechanisms of the adhesive fracture and the rupture of the PVC foam led to the destruction of the sandwich panel. Since the foam rupture mechanism overcame the adhesive fracture, the shear properties of the sandwich panel were increased. The results showed that there was a good agreement between the experimental and simulation results.https://jsfm.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1801_493fba00211118ad3b37b2a17b9ab258.pdfShahrood University of TechnologyJournal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics2251-947510120200320Analysis of functionally graded beams with variable thickness using first-order shear deformation theory subjected to mechanical and thermal loadsAnalysis of functionally graded beams with variable thickness using first-order shear deformation theory subjected to mechanical and thermal loads6576180210.22044/jsfm.2020.8447.2911FAM.Mohammad Hosseini MirzaeinullM.ArefiA.LoghmannullJournal Article20190516In this research, thermoelastic analysis of the beams with variable thickness made of functionally graded materials (FGM) has been carried out. The beam geometry is similar to a turbine blade. Loading is composed of a transverse distributed force, a specific temperature field and an inertia body force due to rotation. Tip of the beam is free and root of the beam is fixed. Mechanical and thermal properties are assumed to be variable along the longitudinal direction of the beam based on the power law variation. Using first-order shear deformation theory, linear strain–displacement relations and Generalized Hooke’s law, a system of second order differential equation is obtained. Using division method, differential equations are solved. For each division, longitudinal and transverse deflections and longitudinal, shear and effective stresses are obtained. For six different nonhomogeneous distributions, analyses were carried out based on the power law variation. The results show that beam made of FGM with positive and further index of non homogeneity, maximum longitudinal and transverse deflections and longitudinal, shear and effective stresses would be less.In this research, thermoelastic analysis of the beams with variable thickness made of functionally graded materials (FGM) has been carried out. The beam geometry is similar to a turbine blade. Loading is composed of a transverse distributed force, a specific temperature field and an inertia body force due to rotation. Tip of the beam is free and root of the beam is fixed. Mechanical and thermal properties are assumed to be variable along the longitudinal direction of the beam based on the power law variation. Using first-order shear deformation theory, linear strain–displacement relations and Generalized Hooke’s law, a system of second order differential equation is obtained. Using division method, differential equations are solved. For each division, longitudinal and transverse deflections and longitudinal, shear and effective stresses are obtained. For six different nonhomogeneous distributions, analyses were carried out based on the power law variation. The results show that beam made of FGM with positive and further index of non homogeneity, maximum longitudinal and transverse deflections and longitudinal, shear and effective stresses would be less.https://jsfm.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1802_d4d07477555447a1653cdaec3ed236b6.pdfShahrood University of TechnologyJournal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics2251-947510120200320Experimental study of ّFafracture Surface Characteristics of Inhomogeneous Drop Weight Tear Test Specimen Made from API X65 SteelExperimental study of ّFafracture Surface Characteristics of Inhomogeneous Drop Weight Tear Test Specimen Made from API X65 Steel7791180610.22044/jsfm.2020.9029.3053FAM.TazimiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birjand, BirjandSayyed H.HashemiS.RahnamaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birjand, BirjandJournal Article20191020In this study, the fractograghy of the inhomogeneous specimen (including seam weld) of API X65 steel was performed, for the first time by the drop weight tear test. The fracture surface of the test specimen consisted of three zones of base metal, heat affected zone and weld metal. The test was performed according to API 5L standard. The crack initiated with a cleavage flat fracture from notch root and continued up to 14.7 mm from the fracture path. The cleavage fracture immediately changed to a ductile shear fracture with a 45 degree angle to the surface plane, which continued to the inverse fracture zone. SEM images of all three zone of the base metal, heat affected zone and weld metal showed signs of ductile fracture, including dimples of varying size, orientation and shape. Also, faint chevron marks with high density were observed in the root of crack in the base metal. Furthermore, in the hammer impact zone, an inverse cleavage fracture was observed, which was enclosed on both sides by shear surfaces with an angle of 45 degrees. The calculated ductile fracture surface was within the standard range and indicated the confirmed toughness of these steels for the use in gas transportation pipe lines.In this study, the fractograghy of the inhomogeneous specimen (including seam weld) of API X65 steel was performed, for the first time by the drop weight tear test. The fracture surface of the test specimen consisted of three zones of base metal, heat affected zone and weld metal. The test was performed according to API 5L standard. The crack initiated with a cleavage flat fracture from notch root and continued up to 14.7 mm from the fracture path. The cleavage fracture immediately changed to a ductile shear fracture with a 45 degree angle to the surface plane, which continued to the inverse fracture zone. SEM images of all three zone of the base metal, heat affected zone and weld metal showed signs of ductile fracture, including dimples of varying size, orientation and shape. Also, faint chevron marks with high density were observed in the root of crack in the base metal. Furthermore, in the hammer impact zone, an inverse cleavage fracture was observed, which was enclosed on both sides by shear surfaces with an angle of 45 degrees. The calculated ductile fracture surface was within the standard range and indicated the confirmed toughness of these steels for the use in gas transportation pipe lines.https://jsfm.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1806_a827fd506b8dcfb5ceffb4eb11887996.pdfShahrood University of TechnologyJournal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics2251-947510120200320Vibration of buckled composite plates with embedded heat treated SMA wiresVibration of buckled composite plates with embedded heat treated SMA wires93106180710.22044/jsfm.2020.8932.3024FAR.Khorramabadi-دانشجوJ.RezaeepazhandJournal Article20190919Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are a group of smart materials which demonstrate two particular non-linear stress-strain behavior, Shape Memory Effect and Super elasticity based on Austenite to Martensite transformation and vice versa. Effects of heat treatment on SMA wire property and the vibration of composite plate with embedded SMA wires are investigated in current study. Heat treatment effects was studied experimentally and transformation temperatures is determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Since the ABAQUS software is not capable of analysis the shape memory alloy structures, the UMAT subroutine in the software is used to implement the Boyd and Laguodas model to any shape memory alloy finite element analysis in ABAQUS. Extensive numerical results are depicted to provide an insight into the effects of volume fraction, pre-strain and shape memory alloy properties, transformation temperatures and stress- strain curve changing duo to heat treatment on pre and post-buckled composite plate are discussed.Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are a group of smart materials which demonstrate two particular non-linear stress-strain behavior, Shape Memory Effect and Super elasticity based on Austenite to Martensite transformation and vice versa. Effects of heat treatment on SMA wire property and the vibration of composite plate with embedded SMA wires are investigated in current study. Heat treatment effects was studied experimentally and transformation temperatures is determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Since the ABAQUS software is not capable of analysis the shape memory alloy structures, the UMAT subroutine in the software is used to implement the Boyd and Laguodas model to any shape memory alloy finite element analysis in ABAQUS. Extensive numerical results are depicted to provide an insight into the effects of volume fraction, pre-strain and shape memory alloy properties, transformation temperatures and stress- strain curve changing duo to heat treatment on pre and post-buckled composite plate are discussed.https://jsfm.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1807_08d085abd076ba7c49ec7b102988e949.pdfShahrood University of TechnologyJournal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics2251-947510120200320Experimental and Numerical Study on forming limit diagram of two-layer metallic sheets at high temperatureExperimental and Numerical Study on forming limit diagram of two-layer metallic sheets at high temperature107120180810.22044/jsfm.2020.8561.2945FAA.AlimohammadiFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, IranAbdol. H.Jalali AghchaiAssistant Professor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of TechnologyJournal Article20190611Two-layer metallic sheets are very important Alternative for single-layer metal sheets which have many advantages including weight loss and high strength to weight ratio. Using these sheets saves energy. Hence, the replacement of single-layer metal sheets with two-layer metallic sheets is one of the industry's requirements. One of the most important defects in the sheet metal forming is tearing. Heating of the sheet is one of the ways to postpone the tearing. According to previous studies, there has been no research on warm formability of two-layer metallic sheets. In this research, the aim of the study is to determine forming limit diagram of copper-aluminum two-layer sheets at warm temperature range by experimental and numerical methods. In the experimental method, the formability diagram was obtained by Stretch forming tests with hemispherical punch and Tensile tests. The results of the experimental method showed that with increasing temperature, the formability increases, The maximum deformation force is reduced, also the height of the dome-shaped height increases with increasing temperature. On the other hand, the simulated model in Abaqus software has a fairly good fit with the experimental model. The best model for predicting precisely the necking momentum was the M-K model.Two-layer metallic sheets are very important Alternative for single-layer metal sheets which have many advantages including weight loss and high strength to weight ratio. Using these sheets saves energy. Hence, the replacement of single-layer metal sheets with two-layer metallic sheets is one of the industry's requirements. One of the most important defects in the sheet metal forming is tearing. Heating of the sheet is one of the ways to postpone the tearing. According to previous studies, there has been no research on warm formability of two-layer metallic sheets. In this research, the aim of the study is to determine forming limit diagram of copper-aluminum two-layer sheets at warm temperature range by experimental and numerical methods. In the experimental method, the formability diagram was obtained by Stretch forming tests with hemispherical punch and Tensile tests. The results of the experimental method showed that with increasing temperature, the formability increases, The maximum deformation force is reduced, also the height of the dome-shaped height increases with increasing temperature. On the other hand, the simulated model in Abaqus software has a fairly good fit with the experimental model. The best model for predicting precisely the necking momentum was the M-K model.https://jsfm.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1808_9ffb5bd76d46060b795395ed45e84daa.pdfShahrood University of TechnologyJournal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics2251-947510120200320Control of Uncertain Nonlinear Bilateral Teleoperation System Based on Backstepping Fuzzy Adaptive ApproachControl of Uncertain Nonlinear Bilateral Teleoperation System Based on Backstepping Fuzzy Adaptive Approach121132180910.22044/jsfm.2020.8968.3034FAR.RahmaniDepartment of Elec. Eng., University of ZanjanS.MobayenDepartment of Electrical Engineering, University of Zanjan0000-0002-5676-1875Journal Article20191001The most important challenge in the bilateral teleoperation systems is to achieve the operator's true sense of the environment and guarantee the stability of the system. Until now, various approaches have been developed to design such systems in which the passivity condition for environmental forces and operators have been used to prove the stability of the Lyapunov function. These conditions can impose serious restrictions, especially in the field of medical applications on teleoperation systems. The existence of time-varying delay in the master-slave communication channel and also uncertainties (external disturbances and un-modeled dynamics), which sometimes may destabilize the control system, are important factors and underlie in attracting researchers attention. The main purpose of this paper is to propose a robust backstepping fuzzy adaptive controller for the control of uncertain nonlinear bilateral teleoperation system in the presence of time delay and parametric uncertainty. The stability analysis is based on Lyapunov and the simulation results demonstrate the success of the proposed method in achieving the control goals.The most important challenge in the bilateral teleoperation systems is to achieve the operator's true sense of the environment and guarantee the stability of the system. Until now, various approaches have been developed to design such systems in which the passivity condition for environmental forces and operators have been used to prove the stability of the Lyapunov function. These conditions can impose serious restrictions, especially in the field of medical applications on teleoperation systems. The existence of time-varying delay in the master-slave communication channel and also uncertainties (external disturbances and un-modeled dynamics), which sometimes may destabilize the control system, are important factors and underlie in attracting researchers attention. The main purpose of this paper is to propose a robust backstepping fuzzy adaptive controller for the control of uncertain nonlinear bilateral teleoperation system in the presence of time delay and parametric uncertainty. The stability analysis is based on Lyapunov and the simulation results demonstrate the success of the proposed method in achieving the control goals.https://jsfm.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1809_25d63291a1160b4537f2b7c7817c9124.pdfShahrood University of TechnologyJournal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics2251-947510120200320Response of reinforced metallic plates with polyurea coating subjected to high-velocity projectile impact by finite element method and presenting a model based on evolutionary regressionResponse of reinforced metallic plates with polyurea coating subjected to high-velocity projectile impact by finite element method and presenting a model based on evolutionary regression133148181110.22044/jsfm.2020.8958.3029FAR.HooshyarMS.c. Student, Faculty of Electrical, Computer and Mechanical Engineering, University of Eyvanekey, EyvanekeyT.Mirzababaie MostofiFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of EyvanekeyM.Sayah Badkhoradjunct instructor, Eyvanekey university, Semnan, IranJournal Article20190926In this study, numerical investigation and non-dimensional modeling of the dynamic response of steel and aluminum alloy plates reinforced with polymeric layers impacted by rigid projectiles with different geometries were investigated. In the numerical modeling section, the ABAQUS finite element software and PolyUMod were used to simulate the process. The Johnson-Cook plasticity and fracture models were used to define the metallic material as well as the Mooney–Rivlin model for the polymeric material. To validate the numerical model, a comparison was made between the results of numerical simulations and the experimental ones available in the open literature. The results showed good accuracy of the numerical model in predicting the plastic behavior of the structure as well as the residual velocity of the projectile. A rigorous parametric study was performed using the validated numerical model on the behavior of metal-polymer structures impacted by projectiles with different geometries and moreover, the results were used to provide a mathematical model to estimate the residual velocity of the projectile. For mathematical modeling, new dimensionless numbers were introduced for the penetration process of a rigid projectile to metal-polymer targets using the non-dimensional dynamic equilibrium equations for plates.In this study, numerical investigation and non-dimensional modeling of the dynamic response of steel and aluminum alloy plates reinforced with polymeric layers impacted by rigid projectiles with different geometries were investigated. In the numerical modeling section, the ABAQUS finite element software and PolyUMod were used to simulate the process. The Johnson-Cook plasticity and fracture models were used to define the metallic material as well as the Mooney–Rivlin model for the polymeric material. To validate the numerical model, a comparison was made between the results of numerical simulations and the experimental ones available in the open literature. The results showed good accuracy of the numerical model in predicting the plastic behavior of the structure as well as the residual velocity of the projectile. A rigorous parametric study was performed using the validated numerical model on the behavior of metal-polymer structures impacted by projectiles with different geometries and moreover, the results were used to provide a mathematical model to estimate the residual velocity of the projectile. For mathematical modeling, new dimensionless numbers were introduced for the penetration process of a rigid projectile to metal-polymer targets using the non-dimensional dynamic equilibrium equations for plates.https://jsfm.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1811_15e292d982750828fae057ec3c8fd538.pdfShahrood University of TechnologyJournal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics2251-947510120200320Design of Optimal FOPID Controller for Speed Control of DC Motor Including Drive and Chopper Dynamic Considering Multi-Objective Optimization Using Water Cycle Optimization AlgorithmDesign of Optimal FOPID Controller for Speed Control of DC Motor Including Drive and Chopper Dynamic Considering Multi-Objective Optimization Using Water Cycle Optimization Algorithm149160181210.22044/jsfm.2020.9269.3092FAM.MoradiBehabahn university of technologyJournal Article20200109DC motors have a variety of applications including robotic arms. These DC motors have simple structure and long life. Therefore, the precise speed control for increasing performance and industrial applications is of great importance. This paper is devoted to designing a fractional PID controller in order to speed control of a DC motor by considering the drive and chopper dynamics. Remarkably, the voltage applied to the DC motor armature can be controlled using a chopper. From a control point of view, the dynamics of the chopper could complicate the system dynamics, and from a practical point of view, it could reduce the ripple of the armature current. This improves the transient response and results in better speed regulation. In addition, as a novelty, to adjust the fractional order PID controller coefficients a new optimization approach called water-cycle optimization (WCA) algorithm by considering a multi-objective criteria is employed. The results obtained are compared with the artificial bee colony and particle swarm optimization algorithm. The results show that the fractional order PID controller optimized by the WCA algorithm performs better in terms of rise-time, overshoot and steady state error.DC motors have a variety of applications including robotic arms. These DC motors have simple structure and long life. Therefore, the precise speed control for increasing performance and industrial applications is of great importance. This paper is devoted to designing a fractional PID controller in order to speed control of a DC motor by considering the drive and chopper dynamics. Remarkably, the voltage applied to the DC motor armature can be controlled using a chopper. From a control point of view, the dynamics of the chopper could complicate the system dynamics, and from a practical point of view, it could reduce the ripple of the armature current. This improves the transient response and results in better speed regulation. In addition, as a novelty, to adjust the fractional order PID controller coefficients a new optimization approach called water-cycle optimization (WCA) algorithm by considering a multi-objective criteria is employed. The results obtained are compared with the artificial bee colony and particle swarm optimization algorithm. The results show that the fractional order PID controller optimized by the WCA algorithm performs better in terms of rise-time, overshoot and steady state error.https://jsfm.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1812_aa6fd41710a7b26bdbffefd1ce3a5060.pdfShahrood University of TechnologyJournal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics2251-947510120200320Optimization of the CHP System, Investigation of its Pollution and Economic Costs in Ideal and Real Conditions in terms of Local and Global ApproachOptimization of the CHP System, Investigation of its Pollution and Economic Costs in Ideal and Real Conditions in terms of Local and Global Approach161176181510.22044/jsfm.2020.7186.2654FASeyed S.SadatifarDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranS.AhmadiFerdowsi university of mashhadM. M.GhafurianDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranH.NiazmandDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20180622In present paper, after optimizing the capacity of the CCHP system equipment using the three-yearly relative annual benefit method, the CO2, CH4, CO, NOx and SOx emissions are studied. Optimization is carried out, assuming operation in the off-design points and ability to sell electricity to the network. The performance of the system will be evaluated in real conditions (under the influence of ambient temperature and pressure) and ideal, as well as two views on the production of pollutants at the place of consumption (Local) and total emissions (Global). Optimization process suggests an internal combustion engine with a nominal capacity of 2440 kW as a prime mover for the case study of the hotel, which despite the significant reduction of CO2, CO, NOx and SOx emissions in global mode, increases the CH4, CO and NOx in comparison with the traditional system at local mode by 92.5 %, 0.79 % and 84.1 %. On the other hand, the economic performance of the power unit of the CCHP system with a change in environmental conditions indicates that if the actual performance of the gas engine in the system is not considered, the system incomes will not have the required certainty.In present paper, after optimizing the capacity of the CCHP system equipment using the three-yearly relative annual benefit method, the CO2, CH4, CO, NOx and SOx emissions are studied. Optimization is carried out, assuming operation in the off-design points and ability to sell electricity to the network. The performance of the system will be evaluated in real conditions (under the influence of ambient temperature and pressure) and ideal, as well as two views on the production of pollutants at the place of consumption (Local) and total emissions (Global). Optimization process suggests an internal combustion engine with a nominal capacity of 2440 kW as a prime mover for the case study of the hotel, which despite the significant reduction of CO2, CO, NOx and SOx emissions in global mode, increases the CH4, CO and NOx in comparison with the traditional system at local mode by 92.5 %, 0.79 % and 84.1 %. On the other hand, the economic performance of the power unit of the CCHP system with a change in environmental conditions indicates that if the actual performance of the gas engine in the system is not considered, the system incomes will not have the required certainty.https://jsfm.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1815_042973251923b2241dbc2597ef6b1a51.pdfShahrood University of TechnologyJournal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics2251-947510120200320Investigation of spike length on wave drag reduction of standard model in hypersonic flowInvestigation of spike length on wave drag reduction of standard model in hypersonic flow177192181610.22044/jsfm.2020.6710.2561FAM.HasaniFaculty of EngineeringA.HaghiriImam Hossein University - FacultyM.H.IslamyFaculty of EngineeringJournal Article20180129The Blunt body in the Hypersonic flow creates drastic aerodynamic drag and heating. One of the most effective methods of reducing aerodynamic drag and heating is using of aerodisk in the front of the nose. This study examines the aerodisk method as an Right tool in reducing the HB1 nose drag in the Hypersonic flow regime. The results are obtained from experimental test of hypersonic wind tunnel and numerical simulation in mach 6.44. In this study the effect of aerodisk length on drag reduction of standard model was evaluated. For this purpose, four aerodisks with a length to diameter ratio of 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 were used. Numerical and experimental results had a significant adaptation and it was observed that aerodisk have a significant effect on the nose hypersonic drag reduction and increase its length, can provide more drag reduction. According to the results, aerodisk with length to diameter ratio of 2, showed the best performance with 43% drag rduction.The Blunt body in the Hypersonic flow creates drastic aerodynamic drag and heating. One of the most effective methods of reducing aerodynamic drag and heating is using of aerodisk in the front of the nose. This study examines the aerodisk method as an Right tool in reducing the HB1 nose drag in the Hypersonic flow regime. The results are obtained from experimental test of hypersonic wind tunnel and numerical simulation in mach 6.44. In this study the effect of aerodisk length on drag reduction of standard model was evaluated. For this purpose, four aerodisks with a length to diameter ratio of 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 were used. Numerical and experimental results had a significant adaptation and it was observed that aerodisk have a significant effect on the nose hypersonic drag reduction and increase its length, can provide more drag reduction. According to the results, aerodisk with length to diameter ratio of 2, showed the best performance with 43% drag rduction.https://jsfm.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1816_e522a635979ed03c4c7c13f5649b37ae.pdfShahrood University of TechnologyJournal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics2251-947510120200320Evaluation of Performance of both Spiral and Direct Tube Heat Exchanger Using the Hybrid Nano fluidEvaluation of Performance of both Spiral and Direct Tube Heat Exchanger Using the Hybrid Nano fluid193207181710.22044/jsfm.2020.7678.2753FAA.R.RahmatiF.ChitsaziDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, IranM.ReiszadehFaculty of Engineering, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, IranJournal Article20181111In this study, the comparison of the heat transfer of heat exchanger of the spiral tube and the direct pipe using the hybrid nanofluid in the turbulent flow has been empirically investigated.The nano fluid used in this study consists of a mixture of titanium oxide, silicon oxide and magnesium oxide with a medium diameter (20-30 nm) in a base water fluid at a temperature range of 60 to 30 ° C. Nanoparticles have been used in the volume fractions range of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1%.The results showed that the Nusselt number increased by increasing the Reynolds number and the concentration in the spiral tube compared to the direct tube by 6.6% on average. Also, the results are reported as temperature difference, the use of nanoparticles in the spiral tube is higher than the direct tube in the volume fraction of 0.25% and the temperature of 60 ° C, 37.6%. The percentage increase in the optimal temperature difference of the hybrid nano fluid in the spiral tube in the volume fraction is 0.25% and 60 ° C, which is 10% higher than the base fluid and in the direct tube in the volume fraction of 0.75% and 60 ° C Compared to the base fluid, the temperature difference is increased by 6%.In this study, the comparison of the heat transfer of heat exchanger of the spiral tube and the direct pipe using the hybrid nanofluid in the turbulent flow has been empirically investigated.The nano fluid used in this study consists of a mixture of titanium oxide, silicon oxide and magnesium oxide with a medium diameter (20-30 nm) in a base water fluid at a temperature range of 60 to 30 ° C. Nanoparticles have been used in the volume fractions range of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1%.The results showed that the Nusselt number increased by increasing the Reynolds number and the concentration in the spiral tube compared to the direct tube by 6.6% on average. Also, the results are reported as temperature difference, the use of nanoparticles in the spiral tube is higher than the direct tube in the volume fraction of 0.25% and the temperature of 60 ° C, 37.6%. The percentage increase in the optimal temperature difference of the hybrid nano fluid in the spiral tube in the volume fraction is 0.25% and 60 ° C, which is 10% higher than the base fluid and in the direct tube in the volume fraction of 0.75% and 60 ° C Compared to the base fluid, the temperature difference is increased by 6%.https://jsfm.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1817_2d8df61c918e5ac30d9db68d58425580.pdfShahrood University of TechnologyJournal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics2251-947510120200320Study of transient pool boiling of deionized water in two modes of presence and absence of a magnetic fieldStudy of transient pool boiling of deionized water in two modes of presence and absence of a magnetic field209221181810.22044/jsfm.2020.8515.2932FAA.R.AyoobiPd. D student of mechanical engineering at Yazd universityA.R.Faghih KhorasaniMechanical Engineering Department, Yazd UniversityJournal Article20190601The transient pool boiling of deionized water was studied under saturation condition and atmospheric pressure at time periods of 1, 10, 100 and 1000s. Iron-aluminum-chromium alloy wire was used in the horizontal position as a surface heater and two permanent ceramic magnets were used to investigate the magnetic field effect on the deionized water boiling. Voltage difference on the wire heater was used to increase heat flux during periods of time, and this voltage difference increases linearly with time. The increase of heat flux was obtained by a quadratic polynomial function with increasing the voltage from zero to 50 volts over time periods. The critical heat flux with the presence of the magnetic field happens at higher superheat temperatures of wire. The critical heat flux values for periods of 100 and 1000s in the presence of the magnetic field are more than the same values in the absence of the magnetic field which could be due to the change in the chemical-physical properties of magnetized water. The magnitudes of the heat flux enhancement due to the magnetic field relative to the absence of the magnetic field for the period of 100 and 1000s were 12.74% and 7.3%, respectively.The transient pool boiling of deionized water was studied under saturation condition and atmospheric pressure at time periods of 1, 10, 100 and 1000s. Iron-aluminum-chromium alloy wire was used in the horizontal position as a surface heater and two permanent ceramic magnets were used to investigate the magnetic field effect on the deionized water boiling. Voltage difference on the wire heater was used to increase heat flux during periods of time, and this voltage difference increases linearly with time. The increase of heat flux was obtained by a quadratic polynomial function with increasing the voltage from zero to 50 volts over time periods. The critical heat flux with the presence of the magnetic field happens at higher superheat temperatures of wire. The critical heat flux values for periods of 100 and 1000s in the presence of the magnetic field are more than the same values in the absence of the magnetic field which could be due to the change in the chemical-physical properties of magnetized water. The magnitudes of the heat flux enhancement due to the magnetic field relative to the absence of the magnetic field for the period of 100 and 1000s were 12.74% and 7.3%, respectively.https://jsfm.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1818_61c65e19fb0994597c394d5b132b131a.pdfShahrood University of TechnologyJournal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics2251-947510120200320The Investigation of the effect of the helical strakes'height on the cylindrical wakeThe Investigation of the effect of the helical strakes'height on the cylindrical wake223236181910.22044/jsfm.2019.8568.2949FAA.Bak KhoshnevisM.BolokiHakim sabzevari universityM.YadegariDepartment of mechanical engineering, Hakim sabzevari universityJournal Article20190615In this study, the wake behind a cylinder with helical strakes at Re = 20000 is experimentally investigated. Three helical strakes with a pitch of 3D and equal distances were installed on the cylinder. The ratios of strakes heights (thicknesses) to cylinder diameter (H/D) were 0.1, 0.09, 0.07 and 0.05. The effects of helical strakes on the mean velocity profile, turbulence intensity, velocity defect and Strouhal number of the cylinder on its center line were studied. The results showed that using helical strakes with varying heights results in different effects on the wake structure, which can be demonstrated in near (x≤D) and far (x>D) regions downstream, behind the model. In the near regions, planes with higher thickness resulted in improved wake and reduced velocity defect, while in the far regions, using the plane with an H/D of 0.07 led to up to 35% decrease in velocity deficit. Rotating planes helical strakes were also seen to reduce maximum turbulence by 14%.In this study, the wake behind a cylinder with helical strakes at Re = 20000 is experimentally investigated. Three helical strakes with a pitch of 3D and equal distances were installed on the cylinder. The ratios of strakes heights (thicknesses) to cylinder diameter (H/D) were 0.1, 0.09, 0.07 and 0.05. The effects of helical strakes on the mean velocity profile, turbulence intensity, velocity defect and Strouhal number of the cylinder on its center line were studied. The results showed that using helical strakes with varying heights results in different effects on the wake structure, which can be demonstrated in near (x≤D) and far (x>D) regions downstream, behind the model. In the near regions, planes with higher thickness resulted in improved wake and reduced velocity defect, while in the far regions, using the plane with an H/D of 0.07 led to up to 35% decrease in velocity deficit. Rotating planes helical strakes were also seen to reduce maximum turbulence by 14%.https://jsfm.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1819_172b4c70aa2035ce9690642405b3a361.pdfShahrood University of TechnologyJournal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics2251-947510120200320Online Estimation of Heat Flux Using Tikhonov Digital Filter Method and Mollified Measured TemperaturesOnline Estimation of Heat Flux Using Tikhonov Digital Filter Method and Mollified Measured Temperatures237252182010.22044/jsfm.2020.8633.2961FAS.Davood Abadi FarahaniJournal Article20190701In this paper presents a digital filter method for online estimation of heat flux on a one - dimensional plate. Two inverse problems are designed to investigate this method. In the first problem, the unknown heat flux and the boundary condition on the other side of the plate are not known and in the second problem, the heat flux on the sides of a two-layers plate is unknown. in both cases, two sensors have been used to measure the temperature history of the plate. In the proposed algorithm, one of the two sensors is used as a boundary condition. To evaluate the accuracy and capability of digital filter, several experiments were designed. The filter coefficients are calculated only once in the proposed method and used in all experiments. The results show that this algorithm is very successful in estimating different forms of heat flux with different noise intensity at measured temperatures and different thermocouple positions in the plate and the Tikhonov digital filter method has more precision compared to Beck’s method. Also, using the mollified data in the proposed algorithm increases the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.In this paper presents a digital filter method for online estimation of heat flux on a one - dimensional plate. Two inverse problems are designed to investigate this method. In the first problem, the unknown heat flux and the boundary condition on the other side of the plate are not known and in the second problem, the heat flux on the sides of a two-layers plate is unknown. in both cases, two sensors have been used to measure the temperature history of the plate. In the proposed algorithm, one of the two sensors is used as a boundary condition. To evaluate the accuracy and capability of digital filter, several experiments were designed. The filter coefficients are calculated only once in the proposed method and used in all experiments. The results show that this algorithm is very successful in estimating different forms of heat flux with different noise intensity at measured temperatures and different thermocouple positions in the plate and the Tikhonov digital filter method has more precision compared to Beck’s method. Also, using the mollified data in the proposed algorithm increases the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.https://jsfm.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1820_74b2f4d2e35439368104291b341b1431.pdfShahrood University of TechnologyJournal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics2251-947510120200320Design, optimization and manufacture of exhaust manifold for a outboard spark ignition engineDesign, optimization and manufacture of exhaust manifold for a outboard spark ignition engine253268182110.22044/jsfm.2020.8680.2968FAH.NasriPayame Noor University of MashhadA.JalaliPayame Noor UniversityA.HedayatiFerdowsi University of MashhadJournal Article20190711The present study is a numerical and experimental study that investigates the effect of using exhaust smoke extractors as an alternative to traditional manifolds in a spark ignition engine designed to maximize engine power. For this purpose, a specific engine is considered as the base engine and to investigate the effect of the extractors on the engine performance and selection of superior design, the proposed geometric model of proposed manifolds in a numerical simulation process has been investigated and after optimization, the model is simulated by numerical simulation softwares and after verifying the performance improvement, the model has been constructed and installed on the engine. At the next step, the engine was experimentally tested in the test cell. Results were compared with the base engine. It was observed that the designed exhaust extractors would increase the maximum engine power up to 15% That this amount of increasiaton in engine efficiency relative to the required costs, is very significant.The present study is a numerical and experimental study that investigates the effect of using exhaust smoke extractors as an alternative to traditional manifolds in a spark ignition engine designed to maximize engine power. For this purpose, a specific engine is considered as the base engine and to investigate the effect of the extractors on the engine performance and selection of superior design, the proposed geometric model of proposed manifolds in a numerical simulation process has been investigated and after optimization, the model is simulated by numerical simulation softwares and after verifying the performance improvement, the model has been constructed and installed on the engine. At the next step, the engine was experimentally tested in the test cell. Results were compared with the base engine. It was observed that the designed exhaust extractors would increase the maximum engine power up to 15% That this amount of increasiaton in engine efficiency relative to the required costs, is very significant.https://jsfm.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1821_cdef548fc5553d89f64bd5d73c085744.pdfShahrood University of TechnologyJournal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics2251-947510120200320Experimental study of the effect of secondary flow on the efficiency of solar flat plate collector applied nanofluidExperimental study of the effect of secondary flow on the efficiency of solar flat plate collector applied nanofluid269280182210.22044/jsfm.2020.9206.3079FAM.MoravejMECH. Eng. DEPARTMENT of Payame Noor UniversityF.NamdarniaGRADUATE Payame noor Uni.LieylaPartabianGraduate payame noor universityJournal Article20191218In this study in order to study the effect of secondary flow on the efficiency of solar collectors, a circular collector with helical tube and a regular collector is constructed and tested at the same time. The assessment was based on the ASHRAE standard and in southern Iran. Experiments were carried out based on different environmental conditions using normal water agent and zinc oxide/ water nanofluid. The results of this study show that with variation in ambient conditions as well as increasing the efficiency and increasing the efficiency of the efficiency of both the circular and rectangle flat plate solar collector performance, the main reason is the secondary flow effect on the enhancement of heat transfer from the tubes to the operating fluid. Also, while using nanofluid instead of water as a factor fluid, although the efficiency of both solar collector is increased, the secondary effect on heat transfer in the use of nanofluid is significantly enhanced due to the motion of particles particles in suspension. In addition, the maximum number of registered solar collector efficiency by using nanofluid was about 77.6% in circular collector.In this study in order to study the effect of secondary flow on the efficiency of solar collectors, a circular collector with helical tube and a regular collector is constructed and tested at the same time. The assessment was based on the ASHRAE standard and in southern Iran. Experiments were carried out based on different environmental conditions using normal water agent and zinc oxide/ water nanofluid. The results of this study show that with variation in ambient conditions as well as increasing the efficiency and increasing the efficiency of the efficiency of both the circular and rectangle flat plate solar collector performance, the main reason is the secondary flow effect on the enhancement of heat transfer from the tubes to the operating fluid. Also, while using nanofluid instead of water as a factor fluid, although the efficiency of both solar collector is increased, the secondary effect on heat transfer in the use of nanofluid is significantly enhanced due to the motion of particles particles in suspension. In addition, the maximum number of registered solar collector efficiency by using nanofluid was about 77.6% in circular collector.https://jsfm.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1822_7ac8858b4a2796f39ae4611aa8ccb7e3.pdfShahrood University of TechnologyJournal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics2251-947510120200320Design of a Micro-Separator for Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) from Blood Flow Using Hybrid Pinched Flow Fractionation (PFF) and Dielectrophoresis MethodsDesign of a Micro-Separator for Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) from Blood Flow Using Hybrid Pinched Flow Fractionation (PFF) and Dielectrophoresis Methods281296182910.22044/jsfm.2020.8089.2838FAO.NoruzshamsianFaculty of Mechanical & Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranA.MohseniMember of Academic Staff / Faculty of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University (SBU)M.MojaddamFaculty of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti UniversityJournal Article20190216Separation of blood cells has a widespread application in medical sciences. Separation of these cells helps identifying their properties. Knowing the properties of circulating tumor cell’s (CTC) and the effect of different drugs on them can significantly help to develop and improve patient’s treatment methods. During recent years, microfluidic devices for separation and sorting of these cells have been significantly developed. There are different methods for cell sorting. In this research, the size and the electrical properties of cells have been considered as the main criteria for cell separation and by combining pinched flow fractionation (PFF) as a passive method with dielectrophoresis as an active method, the separation of MDA-435 mammalian circulating tumor cell from white and red blood cells is investigated. These cells have small size differences where in pinched flow fractionation, incapability to separate particles of similar sizes is a major challenge. In this research, dielectrophoresis force creates a gap between circulating tumor cells and white blood cells in the pinched segment and after hydrodynamic expansion in the broadened segment, circulating tumor cells, white blood cells, and red blood cells will be collected in their specific outlet branches. Results show that this hybrid method can separate tumor cells effectively.Separation of blood cells has a widespread application in medical sciences. Separation of these cells helps identifying their properties. Knowing the properties of circulating tumor cell’s (CTC) and the effect of different drugs on them can significantly help to develop and improve patient’s treatment methods. During recent years, microfluidic devices for separation and sorting of these cells have been significantly developed. There are different methods for cell sorting. In this research, the size and the electrical properties of cells have been considered as the main criteria for cell separation and by combining pinched flow fractionation (PFF) as a passive method with dielectrophoresis as an active method, the separation of MDA-435 mammalian circulating tumor cell from white and red blood cells is investigated. These cells have small size differences where in pinched flow fractionation, incapability to separate particles of similar sizes is a major challenge. In this research, dielectrophoresis force creates a gap between circulating tumor cells and white blood cells in the pinched segment and after hydrodynamic expansion in the broadened segment, circulating tumor cells, white blood cells, and red blood cells will be collected in their specific outlet branches. Results show that this hybrid method can separate tumor cells effectively.https://jsfm.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1829_754a25db873e3cf2c3ae8823c5a5f279.pdfShahrood University of TechnologyJournal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics2251-947510120200320Analysis of the blade thickness distribution effects on the turbocharger turbine performance at full and partial admission conditionAnalysis of the blade thickness distribution effects on the turbocharger turbine performance at full and partial admission condition297311183010.22044/jsfm.2019.7662.2749FAM. H.ShojaeefardDepartment of Mech. Eng., Iran Univ. of Science and Technilogy, Tehran, Iran.A.SajedinAutomotive Simulation and Optimal Research Laboratory, School of Automotive Engineering., Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.ِA.KhalkhaliAutomotive Simulation and Optimal Research Laboratory, School of Automotive Engineering., Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20181107Turbocharger turbine blade are exposed to damage because of High pressure and Pulsating inlet charge. In recent designed blades, thickness is reduced and loading was increased, these caused the higher probability of blades failiure. Therefore the blades thickness distribution should be defined according to the combination of higher efficiency and higher resistance against failiure. In this paper the Aero static efficiency of the turbin according to different thickness parameters is studied. And the most volnurable area of the bades is identified by the result of the fluid behavior simulation and structural analysis. A 3D CFD model in ANSYS CFX for fluid side, and a FEA model in ANSYS Static Structural module for the blade structural responses were used then the results were coupled. Validation was performed by reference to experimental data. Resuls show that thinner blades are more proper for this kind of turbomachine but in partial admission ticker blades have higher efficiency than thinner blades.Turbocharger turbine blade are exposed to damage because of High pressure and Pulsating inlet charge. In recent designed blades, thickness is reduced and loading was increased, these caused the higher probability of blades failiure. Therefore the blades thickness distribution should be defined according to the combination of higher efficiency and higher resistance against failiure. In this paper the Aero static efficiency of the turbin according to different thickness parameters is studied. And the most volnurable area of the bades is identified by the result of the fluid behavior simulation and structural analysis. A 3D CFD model in ANSYS CFX for fluid side, and a FEA model in ANSYS Static Structural module for the blade structural responses were used then the results were coupled. Validation was performed by reference to experimental data. Resuls show that thinner blades are more proper for this kind of turbomachine but in partial admission ticker blades have higher efficiency than thinner blades.https://jsfm.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1830_500a99bd055815807aef348ece55ada8.pdf